Vestibular-Evoked Cerebral Potentials

The human vestibular cortex has mostly been approached using functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography combined with artificial stimulation of the receptors or nerve. Few studies have used electroencephalography benefited from its high temporal resolution to describe spatiotemporal dynamics information processing first milliseconds following stimulation. Evoked potentials (EPs) are largely neural other sensory signals, but they remain poorly developed standardized in neuroscience neuro-otology. Yet, EPs brainstem, cerebellar, cortical origin reported as early 1960s. This review article summarizes compares results that a large range stimulation, including natural on rotating chairs motion platforms, well (e.g., sounds, impulsive acceleration galvanic stimulation). These identified short latency (<20 ms), middle (from 20 50 late (>50 ms). Analysis generators (source analysis) these responses offers new insights into neuroimaging system. Generators were consistently found parieto-insular temporo-parietal junction—the core cortex—as prefrontal frontal areas, superior parietal, areas. We discuss relevance for basic research clinical highlight their limitations.